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KMID : 0380919840130010117
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Journal of the Korean Society of Food Nutrition
1984 Volume.13 No. 1 p.117 ~ p.126
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Aflatoxin : Factors Affecting Aflatoxin Production
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박건영/Park KY
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Abstract
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Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites which are produced by strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus during their growth on foods and feedstuffs. Aflatoxins are a group of closely related heterocyclic compounds of which B₁, B₂, G₁and G₂are the major members. Aflatoxins are synthesized via a polyketide pathway in which the general steps are acetate, anthraquinones, xanthone and aflatoxins. Aflatoxin formation is favored by high moisture or high α_ω(0.95~0.99). The limiting α_ω for aflatoxin production on agricultural commodities is 0.83. Optimum temperature for aflatoxin production by the molds is 25~30℃ and the incubation time for the maximum production of the toxin is 7~15 days. The limiting temperatures for aflatoxin production are ≤7.5℃ and ≥40℃. Cycling temperatures mayor may not stimulate aflatoxin production depending on the amplitude of cycling, substrate and strains of molds. Aflatoxin producing molds are aerobic organisms and thus have a requirement for oxygen. A decreasing O₂concentration and/or increasing concentrations of CO₂or N₂depress the mold growth and aflatoxin formation. A. flavus grows competitively or associatively in the presence of other microorganisms and occasionally loses the competition with other microorganisms. Some lactic acid bacteria have been shown to reduce growth and aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus. Carbon source is the most important nutritional factors affecting aflatoxin formation by the molds. Sucrose, fructose and glucose are the most favorable carbon sources. Food substrates of plant derived products which have high carbohydrate content such as agricultural commodities and their products are most vulnerable to contamination by aflatoxins.
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